Company Announcements

Annual Financial Report

Source: RNS
RNS Number : 9185S
Steppe Cement Limited
19 June 2024
 

19 June 2024

 

Steppe Cement Limited

 

("Steppe Cement" or the "Company")

 

Final Results for the Year Ended 31 December 2023

 Notice of Annual General Meeting

 

The Board of Steppe Cement (AIM: STCM) is pleased to announce the Company's final results for the year ended 31 December 2023, which are set out below.

 

Highlights:

·    Steppe Cement has focused on maintaining its market share, limiting cost increases and reducing capex to maintain a healthy balance sheet while interest rates remain high

·    The Company operated in a high inflationary environment which led to an increase in cost of production of USD8 million and a fall in net profit to USD4.5 million (2022: USD17.9 million)

·    The Company generated revenue of USD81.8 million (2022: 86.7 million) following increasing competition in the local market due to new capacity and inability to export to neighbouring countries

 

The Company's forthcoming Annual General Meeting ("AGM") is expected to take place at its Malaysian Office at Suite 10.1, 10th Floor, West Wing, Rohas Perkasa, 8 Jalan Perak, Kuala Lumpur Malaysia on Friday, 12 July 2024 at 4:00 p.m. (UTC+8).

 

The full Annual Report and the formal Notice of AGM will shortly be made available on the Company's website at www.steppecement.com.

 

 

For further information, please contact:

Steppe Cement Limited

www.steppecement.com

 

Javier del Ser Pérez, Chief Executive Officer

Tel: +(603) 2166 0361

 



 

 

Strand Hanson Limited (Nominated & Financial Adviser and Broker)

 

www.strandhanson.co.uk

James Spinney / Robert Collins / Ritchie Balmer

Tel: +44 20 7409 3494

 



 

 

 

The information contained within this announcement is deemed by the Company to constitute inside information as stipulated under the Market Abuse Regulation (EU) No. 596/2014 as it forms part of United Kingdom domestic law by virtue of the European Union (Withdrawal) Act 2018, as amended by virtue of the Market Abuse (Amendment) (EU Exit) Regulations 2019.



 

CEO STATEMENT

 

The political environment stabilised in Kazakhstan in 2023 benefiting the country through higher trade and transit of goods. Meanwhile, Kazakhstan's population, primarily concentrated in the southern regions, continues to grow reaching 20 million people by the end of 2023. The growth in the economy and population brought significant inflation across the board and specifically in the transport sector with logistical bottlenecks in the main corridors to Russia and China caused by the overload of the rail transport system.

 

In a more stable political environment, the cement market in Kazakhstan decreased slightly in 2023 to 11.5 million tonnes resulting in a per capita consumption of 575 kg/person per year. Looking ahead, significant population growth, lower interest rates and high commodity prices are expected to improve the housing construction sector in 2024.

 

Steppe Cement's sales volume decreased by 3% compared with the previous year, due to logistical difficulties in the railway system. Traffic to and from Russia, as well as transit from China, increased significantly in 2023. The Company's domestic sales increased by 4%, but exports were reduced to virtually zero.

 

Overall, cement imports into Kazakshtan mostly from Russia to the Aktobe region, decreased by 0.1 million tonnes to 0.5 million tonnes during the period, being equivalent to 4% of the total cement market. Exports from local producers increased slightly by 9% to 1.2 million tonnes during the year, with these being increasingly to Kyrgystan. Uzbekistan has commisioned a lot of new capacity that has brought lower prices such that exports from Kazakhstan are now less profitable. Exports remain concentrated towards the Tashkent and Bishkek areas which are very close to the three main producers in South Kazakhstan.

 

The Kazakhstan cement market has balanced demand and production levels, although some new entrants have won market share at the expense of historical players. Seasonal market demand decreased in the first quarter of the year due to weather conditions; and then bounced back in the summer season. The northen regions are more affected by this tendency and we expected this pattern to continue over the course of 2024. We therefore decided to build our stocks of clinker in the first quarter of 2024 in preparation for meeting demand later in the year.

 

From early 2023, the Kazakhstan government stated its intention to lower inflation. However,  at an annualized rate of 9.8% in 2024, it remains similar to 2023. The National Bank has reduced the base interest rate to 14.75% as of April 2024 from a peak of 16.75% in mid 2023. The interbank rate (TONIA) which was hovering at 9% from 2018 to early 2022, peaked at 17.5% in late 2022 and has now come down to 13%. Higher interest rates makes investment in house building as well as new cement capacity more difficult to justify.

 

In 2023, Steppe Cement recorded a net profit of USD4.5 million compared to a net profit of USD17.9 million in 2022, while EBITDA fell to USD12.4 million from USD 31 million. This reduction was mostly due to an increase in the cash cost of production of USD8 million due to inflation. The Company could not pass this increased cost to its clients due to strong competition from other cement producers. Other factors contributing to a higher cost of production were the higher transportation costs, despite the focus on markets closer to Karaganda, lower selling prices and lower sales volumes. Steppe Cement's average cement selling prices decreased by 4% in KZT and USD, to USD50 per tonne delivered.

 

During 2023, Steppe Cement operated both lines at 82% of their combined capacity. Capacity has been increased by 0.1 million tonnes so far in 2024 after the modification to the preheater tower at line 6, which was completed in late 2023. This was part of a USD3.1 million CAPEX/ refurbishment programme to ensure the ability of our plant and equipment to efficiently meet future production requirements. It is expected that USD2.4 million will be invested in 2024 to continue this work. Further details on CAPEX are set out below.

 

Shareholders' funds increased to USD70.7 million at the end of 2023 from USD65.1 million at the end of 2022 as there was no dividend distributed. A capital repayment of approximately USD4.2 million was subsequently paid in June 2024.

 

It is also worth noting that our factory receives an allocation of CO2 emissions from the government and it does not trade them, as we need them for production. There is a very small market for alternative fuels and they are so far not competitively priced versus coal. However we have started to use pyrolysis oil in lieu of diesel wherever possible. At the same time, the use of additives in the cement formula is limited by current regulations. Clients tend to prefer cement with a limited amount of additives, particularly in the winter season.

 

 

            Key financials

Year ended
 31- Dec-23

Year ended
 31- Dec-22

Inc/(Dec)%

Sales (tonnes of cement)

1,626,268

1,670,174

(3%)

Consolidated turnover (KZT million)

37,286

40,023

(7%)

Consolidated turnover (USD million)

81.8

86.7

(6%)

Consolidated profit before tax (USD million)

5.4

21.3

(75%)

Consolidated profit after tax (USD million)

4.5

17.4

(74%)

Profit per share (US cents)

2.1

8.0

(74%)

Shareholders' funds (USD million)

70.7

65.1

9%

Average exchange rate (KZT/USD)

456

461

(1%)

Exchange rate as at year end (KZT/USD)

454

462

(2%)

 

Production and operating costs

Line 5 worked at 80% of its capacity, producing 878,184 tonnes of cement, while Line 6 worked at 83% and produced 748,084 tonnes. As mentioned above, the Company expects higher figures for 2024 as clinker production has already increased by 27% in the first quarter of 2024.

In 2023, cost per tonne of cement increased by 19% in KZT which was a higher rate than the official inflation figure published by the National Bank of Kazakhstan of 9.8%. Electricity tariffs increased by 38%, coal costs by 21%, railway tariffs by 28%, diesel costs by 8%, salary expenses by 20% and wagon rental increased by 90% as our long term rental agreement had to be renewed, but it was partly offset by our higher rental revenue in winter through leasing out the wagons when not in use. These increases were implemented in the first half of 2023 after the official inflation figure for 2022 of 20.3% was published.

The average production cost of clinker increased from USD23/tonne to USD29/tonne, while the cost of cement increased from USD27/tonne to USD33/tonne in 2023.

Selling expenses, reflecting mostly cement delivery costs, inceased to USD8.1/tonne from USD6.7/tonne last year. The inflation in railway transport was much higher but we concentrated our sales in nearby markets by truck delivery, thereby reducing our reliance on the railway lines. General and administrative expenses also increased to USD7.1 million in 2023 from USD6.2 million in 2022 as a consequence of salary increases.

 

On 31 March 2024 the Company had 794 employees, a 2% decrease compared with the previous year.

 

In 2023, finance costs were USD 0.9 million, 13% lower than in 2022, mostly as a result of decreased interest paid on loans and current banking fees. Other income of USD1.8 million during the period reflects mostly the income from the rental of the Company's railway wagons when they are not being used in winter.

 

Capital investment

Capital investment reduced significantly to USD3.1 million during the year following the reduction in margins. The Company managed to complete three major projects in 2023 which were financed by internal cash flow:

-     the implemation of a new separator for cement mill two, at a cost of USD 2 million, which was finally commissioned in March 2024 and which has so far increased its capacity by 25% since its installation;

-     the preheater raiser duct's extension by 24 meters to improve the preheater calcination in line 6 which has shown very positive results in terms of capacity and heat consumption; and

-     the conversion of raw mill 3's separator into a dynamic separator to support the increased production of line 6 by 10% when completed.

 

The Company has plans for a further USD2.4 million investment in 2024 including:

-     the conversion of the raw mill 3 separator, from static to dynamic, at a cost of USD1 million to increase capacity, reliability, quality and to reduce electricity consumption;

-     the modification of the line 6 cooler extraction system at a cost of USD 0.35 million to improve reliability and reduce heat losses; and

-     software and hardware upgrades in the control system at a cost of USD0.7 million to allow further automatisation of the factory.

 

Financing

Commercial interest rates in Kazakhstan remain high at 14.5% after having reached 20% per annum in 2023. The government has reactivated the subsidised credit lines under certain conditions and the Company intends to apply to obtain them to finance capex whenever possible. At the end of 2023, the Company's total loans outstanding were stable at USD6.5 million versus USD6.7 million in 2022. Long-term loans decreased to USD2.8 million from USD3.9million, while short term loans increased to USD3.6 million from USD2.8 million.  All the loans had subsidized interest rates.

 

Taking the cash on hand into consideration, the Company ended 2023 with zero net debt, excluding IFRS 16 leases, mostly rental wagons.

 

Steppe maintains its short term credit lines as a stand by including:

-     KZT 1 billion short term in a government subsidized program in KZT at 6% per annum

-     KZT 2 billion from Halyk Bank at 6% p.a. in USD or 20% in KZT.

 

The KZT strenghtened by 1% against the USD with an average exchange rate of 456 KZT/USD in 2023 vs 461 KZT/USD in 2022.

 

 

Javier del Ser Perez
Chief Executive Officer

 

 


 

 

 

STEPPE CEMENT LTD

(Incorported in Labuan FT, Malaysia under Labuan Companies Act, 1990)

 

STATEMENTS OF PROFIT OR LOSS

FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2023

 

 


 

The Group


The Company


Note


2023


2022


2023


2022


 


USD


USD


USD


USD


 


 


 


 


 

Revenue



81,762,548


86,732,039


1,401,554


14,641,442

Cost of sales



(57,563,625)


(49,107,243)


-


-











Gross profit



24,198,923


37,624,796


1,401,554


14,641,442











Selling expenses



(13,225,616)


(11,260,494)


-


-

General and

   administrative

   expenses



 

 

(7,051,216)


 

 

(6,233,171)


 

 

(402,767)


 

 

(369,812)

Interest income



452,740


573,913


17,753


-

Finance costs



(910,441)


(1,048,888)


-


-

Reversal/(impairment) of losses of financial assets



 

381,377


 

(159,909)


 

-


 

-

Net foreign exchange

   (loss)/gain



 

(300,740)


 

(435,204)


 

55,437


 

(330,675)

Other income, net



1,848,195


2,630,033


-


-











Profit before income tax



5,393,222


21,691,076


1,071,977


13,940,955

Income tax expense



(867,801)


(3,807,706)


-


-











Profit for the year



4,525,421


17,883,370


1,071,977


13,940,955











Attributable to










   shareholders of the

   Company



 

4,525,421


 

17,883,370


 

1,071,977


 

13,940,955











Earnings per share:










Basic and diluted (cents)



2.1


8.2





 

 

 


 

 

STEPPE CEMENT LTD

(Incorported in Labuan FT, Malaysia under Labuan Companies Act, 1990)

 

STATEMENTS OF PROFIT OR LOSS AND OTHER COMPREHENSIVE INCOME

FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2023

 

 


 


The Group


The Company



 


2023


2022


2023


2022



 


USD


USD


USD


USD



 


 


 


 


 


Profit for the year



4,525,421


17,883,370


1,071,977


13,940,955













Other comprehensive

   income/(loss):











 











Items that may be reclassified

   subsequently to profit or

   loss:











Exchange differences

   arising from translation of

   foreign operations

 

 

 


 

 

1,089,351


 

 

(5,829,119)


 

 

-


 

 

-


Total other comprehensive

   income/(loss)



 

1,089,351

 

 

 

(5,829,119)


 

-


 

-













Total comprehensive

   income for the year



 

5,614,772


 

12,054,251


 

1,071,977


 

13,940,955













Attributable to the











   shareholders of the

   Company



 

5,614,772


 

12,054,251


 

1,071,977


 

13,940,955


 

 



 

STEPPE CEMENT LTD

(Incorported in Labuan FT, Malaysia under Labuan Companies Act, 1990)

 

STATEMENTS OF FINANCIAL POSITION

AS OF 31 DECEMBER 2023

 

 


 

The Group


The Company


Note


2023


2022


2023


2022


 


USD


USD


USD


USD


 


 


 


 


 

Assets




















Non-Current Assets










Property, plant and

   equipment

 

 


 

50,543,528


 

49,361,749


 

-


 

-

Right-of-use assets



-


5,525


-


-

Investment in subsidiary

   companies

 

 


 

-


 

-


 

36,199,699


 

36,199,599

Loans to subsidiary

   company

 

 


 

-


 

-


 

30,020,000


 

30,050,000

Other assets



222,609


1,530,916


-


-











Total Non-Current

   Assets



 

50,766,137


 

50,898,190


 

66,219,699


 

66,249,599











Current Assets










Inventories



28,956,767


20,646,156


-


-

Trade and other receivables



1,736,937


2,045,004


-


2,372,114

Other assets



2,853,142


1,081,719


-


-

Income tax recoverable



2,167,844


602,734


-


-

Loans and advances to

   subsidiary companies

 

 


 

-

 

 

 

-


 

65,761


 

60,352

Advances, deposits and prepaid expenses

 

 


 

2,903,169


 

8,577,714


 

10,633


 

7,305

Cash and cash

   equivalents

 

 


 

6,435,437


 

4,143,953


 

4,623,695


 

1,239,827











Total Current Assets



45,053,296


37,097,280


4,700,089


3,679,598











Total Assets



95,819,433


87,995,470


70,919,788


69,929,197

 

 




 

STEPPE CEMENT LTD

(Incorported in Labuan FT, Malaysia under Labuan Companies Act, 1990)

 

STATEMENTS OF FINANCIAL POSITION

AS OF 31 DECEMBER 2023 (CONTINUED)

 

 


 


The Group

 

The Company


Note


2023

 

2022

 

2023

 

2022


 


USD

 

USD

 

USD

 

USD

Equity and Liabilities




















Capital and Reserves










Share capital



73,760,924


73,760,924


73,760,924


73,760,924

Revaluation reserve



1,515,896


1,795,426


-


-

Translation reserve



(125,177,850)


(126,267,201)


-


-

Retained earnings/

   (Accumulated losses)

 

 


 

120,596,062


 

115,791,111


 

(3,148,214)


 

(4,220,191)










Net Equity



70,695,032


65,080,260


70,612,710


69,540,733










Non-Current Liabilities










Borrowings



2,845,655


3,913,689


-


-

Deferred taxes



3,168,141


3,266,775


-


-

Deferred income



2,350,932


2,572,552


-


-

Provision for site

   restoration



 

193,303


 

178,420


 

-


 

-











Total Non-Current

   Liabilities



 

8,558,031


 

9,931,436


 

-


 

-











Current Liabilities










Trade and other payables



9,873,140


7,348,587


118


-

Accrued and other

   liabilities

 

 


 

2,425,105


 

2,250,689


 

163,386

 

 

 

143,808

Amount owing to a

   subsidiary company

 

 


 

-


 

-


 

143,574


 

244,656

Borrowings



3,638,305


2,814,525


-


-

Lease liabilities



-


58,960


-


-

Deferred income



194,729


140,259


-


-

Taxes payable



435,091


370,754


-


-











Total Current Liabilities



16,566,370


12,983,774


307,078


388,464

 










Total Liabilities



25,124,401


22,915,210


307,078


388,464











Total Equity and

   Liabilities



 

95,819,433


 

87,995,470


 

70,919,788


 

69,929,197

 

 


STEPPE CEMENT LTD

(Incorported in Labuan FT, Malaysia under Labuan Companies Act, 1990)

 

STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN EQUITY

FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2023

 

 

 

 



  Non-distributable

 


 


 


Distributable


 

 

The Group

Share

capital


Revaluation reserve


Translation reserve


Retained earnings


 

Net*


USD


USD


USD


USD


USD











As of 1 January 2023

73,760,924


1,795,426


(126,267,201)


115,791,111


65,080,260











Profit for the year

-


-


-


4,525,421


4,525,421

Other comprehensive income

-


-


1,089,351


-


1,089,351











Total comprehensive income for the year

-


-


1,089,351


4,525,421


5,614,772











Other transactions impacting equity:










   Transfer of revaluation reserve relating to

   property, plant and equipment through use

 

-


 

(279,530)


 

-


 

279,530


 

-











As of 31 December 2023

73,760,924


1,515,896


(125,177,850)


120,596,062


70,695,032

 

* Attributable to the shareholders of the Company




STEPPE CEMENT LTD

(Incorported in Labuan FT, Malaysia under Labuan Companies Act, 1990)

 

STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN EQUITY

FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2023 (CONTINUED)

 

 

 

 


  Non-distributable

 


 


 


Distributable


 

 

The Group

Share

capital


Revaluation reserve


Translation reserve


Retained earnings


 

Net*


USD


USD


USD


USD


USD











As of 1 January 2022

73,760,924


2,068,114


(120,438,082)


110,190,323


65,581,279











Profit for the year

-


-


-


17,883,370


17,883,370

Other comprehensive loss

-


-


(5,829,119)


-


(5,829,119)











Total comprehensive income for the year

-


-


(5,829,119)


17,883,370


12,054,251











Other transactions impacting equity:










   Dividends paid (Note 19)

-


-


-


(12,555,270)


(12,555,270)

   Transfer of revaluation reserve relating to

   property, plant and equipment through use

 

-


 

(272,688)


 

-


 

272,688


 

-











As of 31 December 2022

73,760,924


1,795,426


(126,267,201)


115,791,111


65,080,260

 

 

* Attributable to the shareholders of the Company


STEPPE CEMENT LTD

(Incorported in Labuan FT, Malaysia under Labuan Companies Act, 1990)

 

STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN EQUITY

FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2023

 

 


 

 

 

 

 

 

The Company

Share

Capital

 

Accumulated

losses

 

 

Net


USD

 

USD

 

USD


 

 

 

 

 

As of 1 January 2023

73,760,924


(4,220,191)


69,540,733

Total comprehensive income

   for the year

 

-


 

1,071,977


 

1,071,977







As of 31 December 2023

73,760,924


(3,148,214)


70,612,710







As of 1 January 2022

73,760,924


(5,605,876)


68,155,048

Total comprehensive income

   for the year

 

-


 

13,940,955


 

13,940,955

Dividends paid (Note 19)

-


(12,555,270)


(12,555,270)







As of 31 December 2022

73,760,924


(4,220,191)


69,540,733

 

 


 

 


STEPPE CEMENT LTD

(Incorported in Labuan FT, Malaysia under Labuan Companies Act, 1990)

 

STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2023

 

 


The Group


The Company


2023


2022


2023


2022


USD


USD


USD


USD


 


 


 


 

CASH FLOWS FROM/

   (USED IN) OPERATING

   ACTIVITIES








Profit before income tax

5,393,222


21,691,076


1,071,977


13,940,955

Adjustments for:








   Depreciation of property,

      plant and equipment

 

5,781,506


 

6,135,236


 

-


 

-

   Depreciation of right-of-use

      assets

 

5,600


 

1,587,293


 

-


 

-

   Dividend income

-


-


-


(13,309,140)

   Gain on disposal of property, plant

      and equipment

 

(80,057)


 

(27,725)


 

-


 

-

   Net interest income

-


-


(1,401,554)


(1,332,302)

Interest income

(452,740)


(573,913)


(17,753)


-

   Finance costs

910,441


1,048,888


-


-

   Net unrealised foreign exchange

      loss/(gain)

 

296,577


 

538,663


 

(58,142)


 

-

   Provision for obsolete

      inventories

 

144,373


 

167,628


 

-


 

-

   Credit loss allowance for

      doubtful receivables

 

268,215


 

174,650


 

-


 

-

   Allowance for advances paid

      to third parties

 

44,353


 

157,723


 

-


 

-

   Deferred income

(215,430)


(140,259)


-


-

   Reversal of allowance for trade receivable no longer required

 

(628,139)


 

(159,072)


 

-


 

-

   Reversal of allowance for advances paid to third parties no

       longer required

 

 

(65,806)


 

 

(13,392)













Operating cash flows before








   movements in working capital

11,402,115


30,586,796


(405,472)


(700,487)









Movement in working capital:








(Increase)/Decrease in:








   Inventories

(11,404,636)


(8,501,824)


-


-

   Trade and other receivables

703,249


(427,760)


(793,500)


(865,000)

   Loans and advances to

      subsidiary companies

 

-


 

-


 

24,591


 

19,184

   Advances, deposits, prepaid expenses and other assets

 

5,229,623


 

(5,608,461)


 

(3,328)


 

(2,334)


















 

 



 

STEPPE CEMENT LTD

(Incorported in Labuan FT, Malaysia under Labuan Companies Act, 1990)

 

STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2023 (CONTINUED)

 

 


The Group


The Company


2023


2022


2023


2022


USD


USD


USD


USD


 


 


 


 

Increase/(Decrease) in:








   Trade and other payables

2,088,374


2,097,417


-


-

   Accrued and other liabilities

528,710


786,440


19,578


(84,089)

 








Cash Generated From/(Used In)

   Operations

 

8,547,435


 

18,932,608


 

(1,158,131)


 

(1,632,726)

Interest paid

(404,092)


(551,528)





Income tax paid

(2,497,453)


(4,599,594)


-


-

 








Net Cash From/(Used In) Operating

   Activities

 

5,645,890


 

13,781,486

 

 

 

(1,158,131)


 

(1,632,726)

 








CASH FLOWS (USED IN)/ FROM INVESTING ACTIVITIES








Purchase of property, plant and

   equipment

 

(3,059,748)


 

(7,768,695)


 

-


 

-

Contribution to site restoration








   fund

11,664


(334)


-


-

Proceeds from disposal of 

   property, plant and equipment

 

515,692


 

85,599


 

-


 

-

Dividends received from

   subsidiary

 

-


 

-


 

-


 

13,309,140

Interest received

452,740


573,913


4,585,039


1,549,552

Additional investment in subsidiary

-


-


(100)


-









Net Cash (Used In)/From

   Investing Activities

 

(2,079,652)


 

(7,109,517)


 

4,584,939


 

14,858,692









CASH FLOWS FROM/

   (USED IN) FINANCING

   ACTIVITIES








Repayment to a subsidiary company

-


-


(64,389)


(45,094)

Proceeds from borrowings*

3,378,349


7,299,722


-


-

Repayment of borrowings*

(4,131,409)


(4,472,018)


-


-

Repayment of lease liabilities*

(59,788)


(1,838,949)


-


-

Dividends paid

-


(12,555,270)


-


(12,555,270)

Interest paid

(506,349)


(486,807)


-


-









Net Cash Used In Financing

   Activities

 

(1,319,197)


 

(12,053,322)


 

(64,389)


 

(12,600,364)



















 



 

STEPPE CEMENT LTD

(Incorported in Labuan FT, Malaysia under Labuan Companies Act, 1990)

 

STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2023 (CONTINUED)

 

 


The Group


The Company


2023


2022


2023


2022


USD


USD


USD


USD









NET INCREASE/(DECREASE)

   IN CASH AND CASH

   EQUIVALENTS

 

 

2,247,041


 

 

(5,381,353)


 

 

3,362,419


 

 

625,602

 








EFFECTS OF FOREIGN

   EXCHANGE RATE

   CHANGES

 

 

44,443


 

 

(610,716)


 

 

21,449


 

 

-

 








CASH AND CASH

   EQUIVALENTS AT

   BEGINNING OF YEAR

 

 

4,143,953


 

 

10,136,022


 

 

1,239,827


 

 

614,225

 








CASH AND CASH

   EQUIVALENTS AT

   END OF YEAR (Note 17)

 

 

6,435,437


 

 

4,143,953


 

 

4,623,695


 

 

1,239,827

 

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